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Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist whose works of romantic fiction, set among the landed gentry, earned her a place as one of the most widely read writers in English literature, her realism and biting social commentary cementing her historical importance among scholars and critics.
Austen lived her entire life as part of a close-knit family located on the lower fringes of the English landed gentry. She was educated primarily by her father and older brothers as well as through her own reading. The steadfast support of her family was critical to her development as a professional writer. Her artistic apprenticeship lasted from her teenage years until she was about 35 years old. During this period, she experimented with various literary forms, including the epistolary novel which she tried then abandoned, and wrote and extensively revised three major novels and began a fourth. From 1811 until 1816, with the release of Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1816), she achieved success as a published writer. She wrote two additional novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, both published posthumously in 1818, and began a third, which was eventually titled Sanditon, but died before completing it.
Austen's works critique the novels of sensibility of the second half of the 18th century and are part of the transition to 19th-century realism. Her plots, though fundamentally comic, highlight the dependence of women on marriage to secure social standing and economic security. Her work brought her little personal fame and only a few positive reviews during her lifetime, but the publication in 1869 of her nephew's A Memoir of Jane Austen introduced her to a wider public, and by the 1940s she had become widely accepted in academia as a great English writer. The second half of the 20th century saw a proliferation of Austen scholarship and the emergence of a Janeite fan culture.
Biographical information concerning Jane Austen is "famously scarce", according to one biographer. Only some personal and family letters remain (by one estimate only 160 out of Austen's 3,000 letters are extant), and her sister Cassandra (to whom most of the letters were originally addressed) burned "the greater part" of the ones she kept and censored those she did not destroy. Other letters were destroyed by the heirs of Admiral Francis Austen, Jane's brother. Most of the biographical material produced for fifty years after Austen's death was written by her relatives and reflects the family's biases in favour of "good quiet Aunt Jane". Scholars have unearthed little information since.
Austen was born on 16 December 1775 at Steventon rectory and publicly christened on 5 April 1776. After a few months at home, her mother placed Austen with Elizabeth Littlewood, a woman living nearby, who nursed and raised Austen for a year or eighteen months. In 1783, according to family tradition, Jane and Cassandra were sent to Oxford to be educated by Mrs. Ann Cawley and they moved with her to Southampton later in the year. Both girls caught typhus and Jane nearly died. Austen was subsequently educated at home, until leaving for boarding school with her sister Cassandra early in 1785. The school curriculum probably included some French, spelling, needlework, dancing and music and, perhaps, drama. By December 1786, Jane and Cassandra had returned home because the Austens could not afford to send both of their daughters to school.
Austen acquired the remainder of her education by reading books, guided by her father and her brothers James and Henry. George Austen apparently gave his daughters unfettered access to his large and varied library, was tolerant of Austen's sometimes risqué experiments in writing, and provided both sisters with expensive paper and other materials for their writing and drawing. According to Park Honan, a biographer of Austen, life in the Austen home was lived in "an open, amused, easy intellectual atmosphere" where the ideas of those with whom the Austens might disagree politically or socially were considered and discussed. After returning from school in 1786, Austen "never again lived anywhere beyond the bounds of her immediate family environment".
Private theatricals were also a part of Austen's education. From when she was seven until she was thirteen, the family and close friends staged a series of plays, including Richard Sheridan's The Rivals (1775) and David Garrick's Bon Ton. While the details are unknown, Austen would certainly have joined in these activities, as a spectator at first and as a participant when she was older. Most of the plays were comedies, which suggests one way in which Austen's comedic and satirical gifts were cultivated.
More information:
Code:
https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1265.Jane_Austen |
Books
Jane Austen - Pride And Prejudice (read by Emilia Fox)
Jane Austen - Sense And Sensibility (read by Sarah Badel)
Jane Austen - Emma (read by Juliet Stevenson)
Jane Austen - Persuasion (read by Flo Gibson)
Jane Austen - Northanger Abbey (read by Juliet Stevenson)
Jane Austen - Mansfield Park (read by Johanna Ward)
Other
Jane Austen - The Watsons (read by Carmella Ross)
Jane Austen - Lady Susan (read by Carmella Ross)
Jane Austen - Sanditon (read by Carmella Ross)
Code:
Books
http://rapidgator.net/file/ab0b864cae2bdff8a88352c124ffe80d/Pride_And_Prejudice.rar.html
http://rapidgator.net/file/17bd08faaef19bb6c6a9dfb7788a5b50/Sense_And_Sensibility.rar.html
http://rapidgator.net/file/1a33393b0c4d942686761f1e74a25ec9/Emma.rar.html
http://rapidgator.net/file/3e9618cc0c089ce846f97f18c60f5a31/Persuasion.rar.html
http://rapidgator.net/file/0303b044677c788d5068d17395761dd7/Northanger_Abbey.rar.html
http://rapidgator.net/file/db4f14a62abe4b52268580a100cbac27/Mansfield_Park.rar.html
Other
http://rapidgator.net/file/39bac0529e44a39dc169342234ebbe38/The_Watsons.rar.html
http://rapidgator.net/file/12363a9308fe8132d54928527e275eb5/Lady_Susan.rar.html
http://rapidgator.net/file/a08a08d4b8975b4f0539e94e405c4676/Sanditon.rar.html |
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