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Australians at War (2001) 2 Disc Boxset
Rating:9.2/10
Directors:Geoff Burton, Michael Caulfield
Documentary | History | War | MKV
From the Boer War in 1899 to the 1998 peacekeeping mission in Timor, Australians at War is the most comprehensive visual record of our wartime history ever made. Australian men and women, veterans of all our conflicts and witnesses to our past, speak movingly of the events that shaped their lives and those of millions of Australians. Combining archive film and stills, interviews and newly filmed sequences Australians at War breathes life into our past; a past that influences every day of our present... and our future. Australians at War was funded by the Federal Government, and produced by Beyond Productions in association with Mullion Creek Productions for the Department of Veterans' Affairs in co-operation with the Australian War Memorial.
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Episodes
Disk 1
Episode 1, “We’re on a long trek now”,
chronicles our involvement in the Anglo-Boer War. The conflict took thirty-one months to resolve, far longer than anyone expected. During that time the Australian colonies federated and our first national military force was formed – The Australian Commonwealth Horse, and for the first time the upturned slouch hat and the rising sun hat badge became part of our military uniform.
But the war became unpopular back in Australia. The hit-and-run guerilla tactics of the Boers, and the creation of concentration camps by the British to contain Boer women and children made it hard to find defining moments of national pride. Nonetheless, the Australians by and large performed well and exhibited admirable qualities of courage and resilience. Their actions at the siege of Elands River, for instance, foreshadowed the later exploits of the Anzacs at Gallipoli. We were awarded six Victoria crosses during the Boer conflict and at the same time, managed to create a myth from the murderer Breaker Morant.
Every one of the 20,000 Australians who enlisted for South Africa is now dead. But many were diligent diarists and letter writers. In Australians at War, actors dramatise these writings and provide a compelling personal insight into the conflict. A chance discovery in the archive vaults turned up a priceless series of interviews filmed in 1973 with six veterans of the war. Their experiences of the war, recalled 71 years after its end, provide an appropriate transition of memory into history.
The Boer War remains a little known part of our national history, yet its enlistment and casualty figures are as high as the later, and much more publicised, Vietnam War. Most significantly it established the Australian fighting man as equal to any in the world and ensured that we would be enthusiastically welcomed into the next great world conflict, a conflict that would provide the defining military moment that many Australians hoped for.
2 - Episode 2 "Who'll Come Fighting with the Kaiser and Me",
at War looks behind the legend of this, our first real test of war, and by using the words of the men who fought and died there, puts a human face on a great Australian symbol.All the men who initially landed on 25 April 1915 are now gone, but their letters, diaries and journals remain; the despair, endurance and horror they experienced clinging to them still.
It’s always been difficult for contemporary Australians to gain a real sense of what it was like on Gallipoli. By using young Australian actors, on-screen and delivering unsentimental and powerful performances of these long forgotten words, we are placed back in that time of heroism and futility.
Alongside those young faces are centenarian Australians, witnesses to the story. People like Lance Corporal Ted Smout, who was to endure even greater horrors on the Western Front; Sergeant Jack Lockett, 109 years old, an Australian national treasure and Annie Sturzaker who watched as day after day the local parson, like a black messenger, delivered the news of death to home after home.
With rarely-seen archival footage, stills, feature films and an original orchestral score, Episode Two, “Who’ll come a-fighting the Kaiser with me” brings to the screen an Australia we have forgotten or simply did not know existed, and by its end, we are brought to a belief that it was an Australia we should continue to cherish.
3 - Episode 3, “Mateship was the greatest thing”,
has at its core the on-camera stories, opinions and statements of some of our last survivors of that terrible campaign. Without sentiment or sensationalism, they tell of the madness to which men descended and the bravery and endurance they exhibited, as the casualty lists jumped by thousands and the relentless lottery of trench warfare became all a man could consider.
At home, Australia was gripped by two bitterly divisive conscription referendums, when the government of Billy Hughes tried desperately to provide the Empire with more Australian soldiers. They failed, but the men enlisted anyway and in virtually every Australian home, death and suffering became all too familiar.
Using archive film, stills, interviews with the centenarian veterans of the war and performances by young Australian actors, both the humour and tragedy of 1914 – 1918 are given a vivid life. Many Australians believe we lost the best of a generation in those years, and if that is so, then these survivors, these men and women whose lives now span three centuries, are the closest thing we have to national treasures. They bring back into focus a time when we were perhaps a more open, generous nation, where a man could depend upon his mates; even at the very gates of Hell.
Episode 4 “Here we go again”,
vividly recreates their experience of war - from the heroism of Tobruk to the calamity of the fall of Singapore. Their gripping first hand accounts are blended with powerful archival footage of campaigns from North Africa to Malaya. The episode climaxes with the sinking of HMAS Perth, as the Japanese push relentlessly towards Australia at the start of 1942.
After the war the survivors rarely spoke of their experiences. In their interviews for Australians at War, some talk openly for the first time. Not only of the horror and terrible loss, but also of the sense of duty, loyalty and, above all, the mateship. Their moving humility reminds us of the debt all Australians owe their generation.
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Disk 2
Episode 5, “The thin khaki line”,
reveals the savagery of war. In the words of Lieutenant Colonel Paul Cullen: “No (Japanese) prisoners were taken and if they were they were usually killed afterwards.”
Some of the veterans fought from the beginning, against the Italians and Germans, but even surviving this could not prepare them for the Japanese and the terrors of jungle warfare.
For wives and sweethearts there were the long dark years of waiting. For nurses like Sister Una Mills, there were bedside vigils in field hospitals from Greece to Papua: “It’s not easy to forgive and forget. I know one should forgive, but to do both is difficult.”
Their story is told through the interweaving of interviews with dramatic archival footage, and occasional commentary from the writings of contemporary war correspondents. The archival film includes newly discovered footage of the bombing of Darwin
But above all this is the story of the men and women to whom we owe so much, simply but powerfully told in their own words. Through their stories we honour them and their comrades.
Episode 6 “The Forgotten War”,
looks at the remarkable courage, endurance and tenacity of the Australians who served in the Korean War and the subsequent insurgencies in Malaya and Indonesia.
Despite noisy protests by a small group of Communists in their own country, all believed it was their duty to uphold the traditions and values of the forebears and all were prepared to make the ultimate sacrifice to do so. For many this was the essence of what it meant to be Australian.
After the bloody and exhausting Battle of Kapyong, a critical turning point in the Korean War, one World War II veteran who subsequently volunteered to serve in Korea remarked:
“At last I feel like an Anzac and I imagine there were 600 others like me.”
Most Australians have little knowledge of these “forgotten wars”. None received the widespread coverage of those that preceded them. However, the stories of those who served in them, like Serge ant Jack Galloway who fought at the Battle of Kapyong, and Captain Phil Greville who endured internment and torture at the hands of the enemy, remind us that the fierce struggle they waged against Communist forces played a vital role in preventing an even more devastating war like that feared by so many Australians.
Episode 7, “Trying not to remember”,
looks back at the issues surrounding the Vietnam War, including the protest movement and the conscription debate, but most importantly provides first-hand accounts from individuals who risked everything to fight in a “dirty war” they either believed to be right or were conscripted to serve in.
Tragically, returned servicemen all too often continued to suffer upon their return home, where Australia’s citizens had become deeply divided over key aspects of the war. But their trauma was not always the result of anti-war sentiment, the stress of combat, the effect of injury or exposure to defoliants such as Agent Orange.
As Lieutenant Bill Hindson reveals, some of the deepest wounds were the result of disrespect from veterans of earlier conflicts who deemed service in Vietnam as somehow lesser than that in previous wars.
Today, few Australians deny that the men and women who served in it are as worthy of our respect as any in the history of Australians at War.
Episode 8, “Faith enough for all of us”,
examines the strong resurgence of interest in the Anzac tradition and its values amongst today’s Australians. It provocatively raises the recurring question that confronts us all every Anzac Day – what have we done with the peace that has been won for us?
Australia’s century of involvement in wars, always other people’s wars, has been at the cost of 102,000 lives. The concept of sacrifice is an inspiring one and as a grateful population we have acknowledged this sacrifice in many different ways. Episode 8 looks at the small town memorials, the massive city mausoleums and tracks the return to Australia of the remains of an unknown soldier from the battlefields of the Western Front to a final resting place in the Australian War Memorial in Canberra.
Almost two million Australians have had direct involvement in war. For the rest of us, the families and loved ones at home, the war experience has had to be recorded, interpreted and passed on to us by others. Australian war artists are amongst the world’s best and Episode 8 examines their role in influencing the way war has been represented to the Australian public. From the First World War drawings of Will Dyson through the work of the great painters of the Second World War like Ivor Hele, Donald Friend, Stella Bowen, Sali Herman, Nora Heysen to the recent peace keeping paintings of George Gittoes and the East Timor workof Wendy Sharpe.
Over the century our attitude to involvement in war has changed surprisingly little. We still readily respond to a friend’s call for help, we still seek to rectify perceived injustices and we willingly offer humanitarian assistance. But the nature of warfare itself has changed drastically. No longer do troops die in horrific numbers in meaningless exchanges of fire. Of our 102,000 dead, 100,000 were killed before 1950. These days we no longer take up arms as “rifle wielding electors” to go overseas and fight in conflicts of which we have little understanding. We now have professional and highly trained Defence Force personnel who do the fighting for us.
Since the early fifties Australians have been involved in around fifty peacekeeping missions around the world, mostly at the request of the United Nations. These operations range from one or two lonely observers of a ceasefire along a shaky border in the Middle East, to the major military operation mounted in East Timor in 1999.
Australia now has a significant international profile and reputation as a successful “peacekeeping” contributor. Not only is this something we do well, it seems an entirely appropriate future direction for our fighting sons and daughters of Anzac.
Code:
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