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English | 720p HDTV MVGroup | DivX6 1280x720 4000Kbps 29.97fps | AC3 384Kbps 2Ch 48KHz | 44min each | 9x1.4GB
Where would we be today if it weren't for the scientists of the past? From the miniature world of genetics to the vast expanse of space, review the greatest discoveries of all time across eight different scientific categories in this multi-part series. Join host Bill Nye as he recounts the 100 most important discoveries and explains how each one has had a hand in shaping the modern world. Watch his lively and dramatic accounts and learn how the great discoveries were made, how they impacted the development of scientific knowledge and how they touch our lives today.
Astronomy
Copernicus first theorized that the Sun was the center of our solar system, but it took the work of Johannes Kepler to prove it. Learn why the universe is expanding and meet modern astronomers who gauge the likelihood of life out there.
1. The Planets Move (2000 B.C. – 500 B.C.)
2. The Earth Moves (1543)
3. Planetary Orbits Are Elliptical (1605 – 1609)
4. Jupiter Has Moons (1609 – 1612)
5. Halley's Comet Has a Predictable Orbit (1705 – 1758)
6. The Milky Way Is a Gigantic Disk of Stars (1780 – 1834)
7. General Relativity (1915 – 1919)
8. The Universe Is Expanding (1924 – 1929)
9. The Center of the Milky Way Emits Radio Waves (1932)
10. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (1964)
11. Gamma-Ray Bursts (1969 – 1997)
12. Planets Around Other Stars (1995 – 2004)
13. The Universe Is Accelerating (1998 – 2000)
Biology
Hundreds of years before the first DNA test, "Micrographia" championed the use of microscopes and set the stage for the first major discovery in biology: microorganisms. Learn how the secret of the cell was solved and how starfish led to the development of stem cell research.
1. Microorganisms (1674)
2. The Cell Nucleus (1831)
3. Archaea (1977)
4. Cell Division (1879)
5. Sex Cells (1884)
6. Cell Differentiation (late 19th century)
7. Mitochondria (late 19th century to the present)
8. The Krebs Cycle (1937)
9. Neurotransmission (late 19th to early 20th century)
10. Hormones (1903)
11. Photosynthesis (1770s)
12. Ecosystem (1935)
13. Tropical Biodiversity (15th century to the present)
Chemistry
Joesph Priestley initiated the study of chemistry in 1770 with the discovery of oxygen. From there, witness the development of plastics and a familiar table that has confounded high school chemistry students for generations.
1. Oxygen (1770s)
2. Atomic Theory (1808)
3. Atoms Combine Into Molecules (1811 onward)
4. Synthesis of Urea (1828)
5. Chemical Structure (1850s)
6. Periodic Table of the Elements (1860s – 1870s)
7. Electricity Transforms Chemicals (1807 – 1810)
8. The Electron (1897)
9. Electrons for Chemical Bonds (1913 onward)
10. Atoms Have Signatures of Light (1850s)
11. Radioactivity (1890s – 1900s)
12. Plastics (1869 and 1900s)
13. Fullerenes (1985)
Earth Science
Venture beneath our planet's crust for a look at the powerful geological forces that keep life on the move and adapting plate tectonics, earthquakes and super volcanoes.
1. Earth's Core (1906)
2. Earth's Inner Core (1930s)
3. Continental Drift (1911)
4. Seafloor Spreading (1950s – 1960s)
5. Plate Tectonics (1960s)
6. Troposphere and Stratosphere (1890s)
7. Global Warming (late 20th century)
8. Cosmic Radiation (1911 onward)
9. Magnetic Field Reversal (1906)
10. Geological Change (1830s)
11. Radiometric Dating (1907)
12. Periodic Ice Ages (1930s)
Evolution
From the discovery of the dinosaur-killing KT asteroid to Carl Linnaeus' still-used life form classification system to the groundbreaking theories of Charles Darwin. Learn how intelligent life began on earth.
1. K-T Asteroid Theory of Dinosaur Extinction (1980)
2. First Dinosaur Fossils Identified (1820s – 1840s)
3. Potential for Life Created (1953)
4. New Life-forms Discovered Around Hydrothermal Vents (1977)
5. The Burgess Shale (1909)
6. Classification of Species (1735)
7. Theory of Natural Selection (1858)
8. Australopithecus Afarensis or "Lucy" (1974)
9. Laetoli Footprints (1978)
10. Toumai skull (2002)
Genetics
Gregor Mendel's work with pea plants pioneered the study of genetics, but it wasn't until the creation of the double helix DNA model that the field really began to take off.
1. Rules of Heredity (1850s)
2. Genes Are Located on Chromosomes (1910 – 1920s)
3. Genes Control Biochemical Events (1930)
4. Some Genes Can Jump (1940)
5. DNA Is the Genetic Material (1928, 1944, 1952)
6. DNA Is a Double Helix (1953)
7. Cracking the Genetic Code (1960s)
8. RNA Conveys Genetic Information (1960s)
9. Restriction Enzymes (1950s – 1960s)
10. RNA Splicing (1976)
11. DNA Polymorphism (1985)
12. Humans Have 20,000 to 25,000 Genes (2003)
13. RNA Interference (1998)
Medicine
With physician Andreas Vesalius's groundbreaking anatomical drawings in 1538, a new science was born. Witness the horror of a pre-anesthesia operating room, see how X-rays were discovered and meet the man who developed the first vitamin.
1. Human Anatomy (1538)
2. Blood Circulation (1628)
3. Blood Groups (1902)
4. Anesthesia (1842–1846)
5. X-rays (1895)
6. Germ Theory (1800s)
7. Vitamins (early 1900s)
8. Penicillin (1920s–1930s)
9. Sulfa Drugs (1930s)
10. Vaccination (1796)
11. Insulin (1920s)
12. Oncogenes (1975)
13. The Human Retrovirus HIV (1980s)
Physics
Learn how physicist Sir Isaac Newton developed his three laws of motion and travel inside the atom for an explosive look at Einstein's best-known theory.
1. The Law of Falling Bodies (1604)
2. Universal Gravitation (1666)
3. Laws of Motion (1687)
4. The Second Law of Thermodynamics (1824 – 1850)
5. Electromagnetism (1807 – 1873)
6. Special Relativity (1905)
7. E = mc^2 (1905)
8. The Quantum Leap (1900 – 1935)
9. The Nature of Light (1704 – 1905)
10. The Neutron (1935)
11. Superconductors (1911 – 1986)
12. Quarks (1962)
13. Nuclear Forces (1666 – 1957)
Top ten
What are the 10 greatest scientific discoveries of all time? Find out which of the original 100 were voted by viewers as the most groundbreaking.
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